Major Muslim Achievements in Science
- Muslims translated most of the scientific works of antiquity into Arabic.
- Muslim mathematicians devised and developed Algebra.
- Al-Khwarazmi used Arabic numerals which came to the West through his work in the 9th century.
- Al-Razi described and treated smallpox in the 10th century.
- Al-Razi also used alcohol as an antiseptic.
- Ibn Sina diagnosed and treated meningitis in the 11th century.
- Ibn al-Haytham discovered the Camera Obscura in the 11th century.
- Al-Biruni described the Ganges valley as a sedimentary basin in the 11th century.
- Muslims built the first observatory as a scientific institution in the 13th century.
- Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi explained the cause of the rainbow in the 13th century.
- Ibn al-Nafis described the minor circulation of the blood in the 14th century.
- Al-Kashani invented a computing machine in the 15th century.
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